Rizatriptan

Description

Rizatriptan is a selective serotonin receptor agonist, commonly utilized for the acute treatment of migraine attacks. It works by stimulating serotonin (5-HT) receptors in the brain, which helps to relieve migraine symptoms, including headaches, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Uses / Indications

• Acute treatment of migraines
• Migraine attacks with or without aura
• Not intended for the prevention of migraines

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
5 mg or 10 mg as a single dose, taken orally at the onset of a migraine attack. A second dose may be taken after 2 hours, if necessary (maximum 30 mg in 24 hours).

Children aged 6 to 17 years:
5 mg as a single dose, with a maximum of 15 mg in 24 hours.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual medical conditions, and a doctor’s advice is always recommended.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Rizatriptan works by selectively agonizing the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D serotonin receptors. These receptors are involved in the regulation of vascular tone and neurotransmitter release in the brain, leading to a decrease in inflammation and vasodilation that contributes to migraine pain.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Dry mouth
• Nausea

Rare/serious side effects:

• Chest pain or tightness
• Serotonin syndrome (symptoms may include confusion, hallucination, seizure, extreme changes in blood pressure)
• Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, or are pregnant/breastfeeding
• Use caution if combining with other medications that affect serotonin levels
• Not recommended for use in patients with a history of stroke or TIA

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• MAO inhibitors (can increase risk of serotonin syndrome)
• Other triptans
• SSRIs or SNRIs (increased risk of serotonin syndrome)
• Certain medications that affect liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Rizatriptan is typically taken on an as-needed basis for migraine attacks. If you missed a dose for a headache, follow the dosing instructions if you experience symptoms later.

Overdose symptoms:

• Extreme drowsiness
• Rapid heartbeat
• Stomach pain
• Confusion or dizziness

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical assistance immediately if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Rizatriptan or any of its components
• History of ischemic heart disease, including heart attack or angina
• Severe or uncontrolled hypertension

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Maxalt
• Maxalt MLT (orally disintegrating tablet)
• Generic name: Rizatriptan